Wavelet methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics is a relatively young area of research. Despite their short decade-long existence, a substantial number of wavelet techniques have been developed for numerical simulations of compressible and incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations for both inert and reactive flows. What distinguishes wavelet methods from traditional approaches is their ability to unambiguously identify and isolate localized dynamically dominant flow structures such as shocks, flame fronts or vortices and to track these structures on adaptive computational meshes. This lecture will provide a general overview of wavelet methods for solution of partial differential equations and describe different numerical wavelet-based approaches for solving the Navier—Stokes and Euler equations in adaptive wavelet bases as well as provide the background how to use wavelet-based methods for flows in complex geometries.