New investigation of climate impacts on carbon cycling in one of the world’s most biodiverse and carbon-rich biomes is now possible following four years of regular sampling of vertical profiles by aircraft over the Brazilian Amazon. This rich new dataset is used in a regional inversion for net biome exchange (NBE) of CO2 in the Amazon at monthly and regional time and space scales, yielding novel evidence for the links between climate extremes and NBE response. This talk will cover the inversion framework and unique methods for constraining flux and observation uncertainty, including background inflow, as well as highlight findings for the years 2010-2012.